Private land by far the best solution imo. If you live in a metro area that may be difficult as far as convenience but, could still be the best option. Land in rural areas is still a LOT cheaper than most of your metro areas.
I live pretty close to multiple ranges. 1 is a county owned, & 1 National Forest range, as well as a few hunting club ranges. However, I prefer no fees, & no other people so..... I built my own.
Relatively inexpensive. I spent about $300 but, know it's certainly possible to do what I've done for little to no cost. I wanted to give it a "happy" feel for family members who are rookies, & or inexperienced shooters. Although, reality is... not many of those in my family, or circles.
My range is 50yds from edge of table to target line. Feels great, & everybody that has sent rounds down range loves it. I have added another table at a just a few yards for pistols. It's convenient, was relatively inexpensive, & it's open 24/7
